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Epoch AI tracked 333 compute estimates for notable AI models released between 2010 and May 2024, and found that training compute for the frontier — the top 10 models by compute at release — has been growing each year to reach 5.3x the prior year's level
Verified 2026-08-19
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More on Models
- Frontier AI models are catching up fast to benchmarks meant to resist them. A year ago they scored under 10% on Humanity's Last Exam, a 2,700-question test designed to be hard for AI and favorable to human experts. Now accuracy has reached 38.3% on Humanity's Last Exam, up from under 10% a year earlier
- Epoch AI's Capabilities Index scores frontier models on one aggregate scale, and fits a break in the trend at April 2024, when reasoning models and reinforcement learning took over frontier training. Before the break the frontier gained 8.3 index points a year; after it, 15.5 points a year, 1.85 times as fast
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