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Data centres consumed about 4.4% of total US electricity in 2023, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's data centre energy usage report projects that share climbing to between 6.7% and 12% by 2028, with data-centre power demand more than doubling between 2017 and 2023 largely due to the growth in AI servers 6.7% to 12% of US electricity by 2028
Verified 2026-09-24
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More on Energy
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- OpenAI does not disclose GPT-4o's resource footprint, so Stanford's 2026 AI Index Report turned to independent researchers' estimates of the water needed to cool the servers behind it — as much as 1.58 million kilolitres a year — more than 1.2 million people drink annually
- AI training's carbon footprint has scaled by orders of magnitude. Stanford's 2026 AI Index estimates that training AlexNet in 2012 produced about 0.01 tons of CO2 equivalent, while training xAI's Grok 4 in 2025 produced roughly 72,816 tons of CO2 equivalent — over 1,150 times the lifetime emissions of an average car